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About Jefferson County Sentinel (Boulder, Mont.) 1885-1899 | View This Issue
Jefferson County Sentinel (Boulder, Mont.), 11 May 1888, located at <http://montananewspapers.org/lccn/sn84036046/1888-05-11/ed-1/seq-1/>, image provided by MONTANA NEWSPAPERS, Montana Historical Society, Helena, Montana.
• JEFFERSON C VOL a. NO f-lt-;. UNTY SENTINEL. • The Pioneer Newspaper of .L.Tefrerson k'n311 1 % •Turtarnst1-.—Independent in Polities. BOULDER. MONTANA, FI.1 I ) AY, \TAX 11.1888. The Most Desirable Clothing House in Helena is The NorthwestArn. Right in the heart of the city, opposite the Grand Central Hotel, we are located, with a complete stock of WINTER CLOTHING, MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, BOOTS AND SIMES. Hats, Caps, Gloves, Blankets and Quilts. In short, anything from head to foot ? for Men, Youths, Boys and Children. We sell for cash at the lowest living prices. When you come to Helena oe sure and call on us. In the mean time send us your order order by mail or express, which shall receive prompt attention. T. E. LANDSMAN & CO. THOS. F. MURRAY, DEALER IN Cook, Harare, } aa eat p ing ROHS and m ITzcsw, Nail*, Giant I 'OWDER, CAPS and t use, VTOCDT:)=1 - VV.A_IR.=, CIRJOCI=1R. ,- Y , Lamps, Chandeliers, Sash, Doors and Moldings, Plated Ware. Glassware and Bar Goods. s i gentg tlib Celebrated Buckeye Force Pumios and Shutler Wagon. —0:0-- .- 1 , 11 conaection where all kinds of Job work and Re- pairing will be done. or -Opposite Court House, TIN SHOP 13onlder .44 ▪ - Montana, Jut IN-OpElld and RE-FIIP111,311011 Boulder HOT Springs. Wonderful Curative Properties ! --IN ALL CASES OF— Chronic, Muscular and Inflammatory Rheumatism. Lead. Poisoning, Constitutional Weakness, and. General Debility. A PLEAS4NT RESORT! FIRST-CLASS HOTEL AND BATHING ACCOMMODATIONS. Reached by Stage from Helena, Butte, Wickes, Elkin - Tr, Comet, and all Points in the Territory. Terms moderate. k first-class Physician pit...IBA A. LEIGIITON, Is constantly in attendance For full information address, WM. TROTTER, Prop., Boulder, Mont. H. M. PARCHEN, Helena. =a,=chei - 1. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL IR, - 0 - a- WM. MORRIS, Boulder • —Carry a large stock of DRUGS, CHEMICALS, PAINTS, OILS, BRUSHES, WALL PAPER WINDOW GLASS, PATENT MEDICINES, PERFUMERY, And TOILET ARTICLES. Also Lamps, Candies, Tobaccos, Cigars, 13co(I)iss and firrArrIC)NEILLY A PINE ASSORTMENT OF WALL -PAPER IN STOCK. PRESCRIPTIONS FILLED AT ALL HOUR& A fine line of Watches ard Jewelry always on hand.. The Windsor House. H. M. KEENE, Prop BOARD PER WEEK,. BOULDE it, Everything First -Class \ DAY..... BOULDER BAKERY. Will bake Fresh Bread, Pies, Cakes, Etc., EVERY DAY. --CONFECTIONERY A SPECIALTY. Goods Delivered Free of Charge. Oppsite Bach, Cory Co.'s. AUC41,Tliirr VOCiHrt..I..., Prop. BOULDER NEWS DEPOT R. J. Dougherty, Agent. Fill LiIN of Cigars,. T baccos and Smokers' Articles kept constatigy on hand. Fresh Fruit,, Candies, Nuts, NEWSPA PERS, MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS always on sale, or subi4criptions taken for same and mailed to &ay Address. quiet Readine Room in Connection. ont CHANNELL & 'EASTIUDGE, Dealers In Fresh Confectionery, Nuts, Etc. The Latest Periodicals and Newspapers on Sale. 7 + 7 7 + 7 Merchants Votel BASIN, MONT. go - Everything new and fine cleat In every respect. The tables are laden with the 700 2.40 nt.oi ii irit. rsrane.c.i, and rharaes reasonable JOS. B. BRIEN, - Proprietor. • BOULDER LUMBER YARD. sAsii. DOORS, MOULDINGS. CEDAR Shingles and all kinds of finishing lum- ber, Building and Tar Paper constantly on hand. Yard opposite the Court -house. Convenlint for teams. Also plans fur- nished for houses bridges, et, and con- tracting and building of same: GROESBECK & SIMPKINS. IV:MTN AND IINLENA SHORT LINE. Best and Most Direct Summer Route. SPLENDID SCENERY. Coaches of the Montana Stage conipany leave Butte daily at 8 a. in., connecting at Calvin with trains of the N. P. railroad for Basin. Boulder, Wicket', Jefferson, Helena and stsges for Elk- horn. Fare from Butte to ileiena $5 00 Round trip tickets 8 00 Only twenty-two miles of staging over the best equipped line In Montana W. S. t. :,)WNSIIEND, Sup J. J. E , Agent, Butte City. LEES TAYLOR, Carpenter&Builier All kinds of Doors, Window Frames, Sash, Counters, Etc. made to Order. Plans, Specifications and Estimates prepared. BOULDER,' Mont. CrIABLES ENGLUND, PRACTICA I . Boot ana Shoemaker BOULDER, MONTANA. Mr. Englund has permanently located among us, and those wishing anything in his line will do well to call. pr . Repairing Neatly Done.JEll Boots and Shoes made td order. Satisfac- tion guaranteed. WORTHERN BROW* PLANTS • AND SEEDS Ase ecimeriedged Um best, toeing kartitsc, mem predteuve and yieid better Grupe. PINE ii.waTILMI) CAT 4 L 00131 . Oasidallike way So Pwil ',See es, olt 1 loathed are, es on* to/W. Win* V7. T.o. 111‘..4, - N b( litzeurry asstesta 37. Nut, Miss. NOTANA OETECTIVE AGENCY. P.O. BOX 872, HELENA, M. T, Incorporated June 15, 1887. Capital Stock, 810,000. AU themes of legitimate dreeetive work en- trusted to us will receive prompt attention. or - respondence solicited. No OblIvIN Mr consulta- tion. all heftiness strictly confidential. we have agents In all parts of the Milted States. Call at rooms Now. 3 and 4. Masonic block, over postotece. or address es above. 01/0. W. Bishsw, Chief. A COFFEE ESTATE. METHOD OF RAISING THE POPULAR BERRY IN GUATEMALA. Selecting the Ground for a Plantation. Nursery of coffee Twigs -Labor Per- formed by Indians -Weeding and Pielt- ing-Ready for Market. He who makes up his mind to Create his own coffee estate or \Linea must also be prepared to endure from four to six years of the hardest work. In clear - lug he must chop wood, cat away under- brush and weed his land. He must be ready to work from sunrise to sundow Neither the damp cold of the tnorni the heat of the noon, nor the heavy site noon rains should deter him from work. It is true he may hire nett labor to assist him, but that labor can be depended upon Should he turn back upon it. In selecting the ground is the best to choose a well drained s face, so that the heavy rains of the season will net prove too much f5r the trees and rot them. It is not necessai7 to have one general slope, but hillocks and , hillsides give as good results as any other surface; in fact, it has been my elf- perienee that the more inaccessible the point the better grows the tree. After his ground is well cleared be starts his nursery by planting coffee twilit, which for three years must be carefully nurtured and attended to, when they Are transplanted to their proper places, each being eight feet distant from its iinmedie ate neighbors. At the close of the fourth year comes the bloasorns, closely fohlol by the fruit. Then may the proprietor complacently contemplate his growitig fortune; the beautiful \tube rose lite\ white flower, showing against the dck, lustrous green of the leaf, passes allele, then appears the green berry, ripe ng gradually, first a delicate pink, chaniig by degrees to a dark cherry red, whegs it is ripe an reedy to be gathered. he management of a finca requires experiefsce, great activity, and attention to detidln As few are better able to care for children than a mother who has raised them, .few are more competent to manage a Inca than he who hats cared for it since its very birth. All the labor is performed by Imtans, called in Central America mozos. It is paid very low, and great tact is necessary in its management. The derneate for move is no greater than the supply, but the mozo laborer can find enough werk to keep him alive almost anywhere, sped as he requires very little, even less than a Chinaman, he will not work more than is necessary for his own comfort. lie well knows that his elms of work is paid low, and he recognizes the fact that he cannot acquire sufficient wealth to hire others to work for him; that Is, be is a labor!\ for life. Thus having no ambition, aliffw• lint Iijn,p that may. seem he hard or iattimiD _treat244, the purpose or earning The average mow character is composed of few virtues and many vices -he is in- termittently fond of his family; he will make them work; take their wages, get drunk, and repay them with brutal treat- ment; he is a born gambler, will steal any- thing he can lay his hands upon, and is an unmitigated liar. His principal food is the tortilla, a slap jack made of ground corn aud water, raw sugar cane, baked plantaiu, cinnamon, and all the whisky be can get. The important work on a coffee estate is to keep the \cafetal or coffee tract, \clean;\ that is, the ground well cleaned of weeds and the trees them- selves freed from 111088 and all parasitical growth which thrives in the damp locali- ties. This weeding every three months not only adds to the richness and abund- ance of the berry in the ensuing crop', but the ground being clean the berries which ripen and fall during the gathering are easily seen and saved by the coffee pick- er'. The value of the berry is so great that many precautions are taken so pre- vent the pickers from stealing it. For this mozos of a high class are employed, designated as corporals and paid salaries; each corporal is placed in charge of a squad of pickers, and it is his duty to see that no thieving occurs and that those under him work. But even this some- times fails, and not seldom these corpo- rals are discovered to be in collusion with their subordinates. The picker is paid In proportfen to the amount of coffee he gathers, a good steady hand being able to earn 50 centavos per day in the Guatemala currency, or about 3,5 cents in American gold. Few, how- ever, earn so much, for the mozo is a \devil may care\ fellow; he will laugh and talk instead of attending strictly to stripping the tree in front of him, and will be satisfied if he earns 2 \reals\ per day, or 2.5 centre In other walks of life his character is the same; he will sit in the plaza all day long under a hot sun, chatting away with his neighbors, making 5 or 10 cents net profit a day, selling native soap or corn, and he will decline Plane • jpbs elech might nia him $1 a day. There I some vanity in this, for when he sits exhibiting his wares he imagines himself up to the level of the shopkeeper, while if he performs manual labor he feels that he has gone down the 8°C44 ..4.t the e d l e. ose r of day the gathered page° is brought by the pickers to certain desig- nated and convenient points, where carts are sent to carry it to the warehouse. The amount each individual has gathered is measured by a responsible 'party, the picker receiving in return a metal check, which is redeemed 'at the lima office at the close of the week, the holder receiving iu silver rein the amount due him. The surface of the coffee berry 1e like the smooth surface of the acorn, and when taken from the tree is called \cereza or cherg, by reason of its color. This on t'ie Fame day is pet * ocneice water tanks, and is wellstirred by men with wooden rakes and shovels in order to separate the tivod from the poor, The poor or light grains rise to the top of the water and float away on the surface, through a small gate, to their own tank. Tbie soaking also swells the outer shells. It is then worked iu machines - oilred \despulpadores which remove the out- side heavy sheath, allowing the twins to separate, for there are two grains in a pod, except in the rare highest polity, in which there is but roue spherical gruid. It is now called \cascavilla\ or gantio,\ each grain being clothed in a thin shell, which when sun dried becomes crisp ead brittle i _tted is easily rsmoyeil ii mortars; the coffee lellieu laid to he ill \oro or gold, from its yellow color, and Is practically ready to be toasted eed round for tahle pee. 4fter this it la re- Volved in the qileptaderes,\ pr hot cylin- ders perforated with small holes, to grads itecordingto OW silts of the Pain, Vend It la thou placed in sacks to be shippoel market, Heat , is necessary in the grading process only; all of the other manipula- tion is done with water power, -Francis J. A. Dare in New York Times. Woman's Blind Worship of Fashion. \I think that the modern woman has mighty little settee. She will sacrifice) andeornfort and everything else, in order to be considered fashionable.\ \There is some of truth in that\' \Now I fairly adore my wife, but I nin not blind to her weakneeses. Some of her freaks in drew are fairly barbarous.\ \It's the same with all women. By he I way, that's a thundering old tile you have j on. Why are you wearing such a thing?\' ; \Oh I know it's a terror, but It's all the style in New York now. I just came from there, you know.\-Linooin State Journal. No Change Necessary. T'/CKE Exquisite -Must I-aw--take a special ticket for a puppy? Ticket Agent -No; you can travel as an ordinary painenger.--Collegiate Journal. Tra-la.la * Loo. -r cannot sing the old songs,\ Though well I know the tune, And I can carol like the bird That sings in leafy June. Yet though I'm full of music As choirs of singing birds,' \I cannot sing the old songs\ - I do not know the words. start on \Hail Columbia\ • And get to \heaven born band,\ An 4ith the n re eflh iltill er steam ila u n p or g : d nd e . “Star fipaagled Beazer\ throws me Right in my wildest screaming, I start all right, but dumbly come To voiceless wreck at \streaming.\ So when I sing the old songs, Don't murmur or otimplain, It \Ti de al da, turn de dum\ Should fill the sweetest strain. I love 'kitty era duineli de, But \I cannot sing the old songs\ - I do not know the words. -I3urdette in Brooklyn Eagle. Anything to Accommodate. Husband -I can't stand this, my dear. There is nothing on the table fit to eat and I actually have not had a meal that did me any good for three or four days. I can't work and fast too, that's 'sure. Wife -I know it, but what am I to dot The children are sick and I haven't time to prepare the meals myself. \The girl can cook well enough when she wants to.\ \Yes but she doesn't care now. She's gre Big away.\ \Why she hasn't been here much over a week. What's the mattesr \Her room faces south and she complains that she can't sit by her window and see what's going on outdoors without getting freckled.\ \Well my dear, we must live somehow. Ask her if she'll stay if I turn the house around.\ -Omaha World. Time to Leave. \That farm scene you seem to be sneering at, sir,\ said the indignant artist, \is valued at $500. It is generally considered a fine painting. Allow me to ask you if you are familiar with works of artr \Not very familiar,\ replied:the agricult- urist, who was looking through the studio with his wife, \but I know something about the works of nature, young man; and when you make a cow that gets up from the ground by putting out her forefeet first you are do- ing something that nature never did. Come, Nancy, let's go.\ -Chicago Tribune. A Correct Diagnosis. Young Physician (diagnosing a case -The trouble with you, sir, is you eat too muoh. Patient -Doctor, what / eat wouldn't keep a bird alive. Young Physician -Hump! I see, your sys• tern needs nourishment; you don't eat enough. Patient -flow much is it, doctor, Young rhysiciana-Two dollars, please. - The Epoch. Too Much. Oornelitus (forgetting )jinunifi-sifou will be a sister to mei A el° sleigh ride this awes noon, a box at the opera tesgight, supper at Delmonico's and a cab home? A sister to met Great Scott! What kind of a fool human being do you take a brother to bee -Life. . kiss eq. Wife (affectionately) -How's your rheuma- tism this morning, John? Husband -Pretty bad, my dear, pretty bad. Wife -Why don't you try the mind curet ifushand-There ain't anything the matter with my mind; it's my joints. -Boston Courier. Not Comp fp the Nab of It, Husband -, wbefis that you are restlium iny clear, Wife -A letter from mother. Husband -Anything important in Wife -I don't know, 4 haveal got to the postscript yot,e-Thepeses Daman A Bad Scrape. Barber (to custornell-Have you heard of the bad as -rape young Brown has got inter Customer- Why, no; Nyhou did you 'bac e him iwitr—The •••.1, 146. 83 PER YEAR. 'HIP, KNOCK ALPHABET. VARlOUS ACOUSTIC METHODS USED IN RUSSIAN PRISONS. Hoe nnoelts and Scratches on the Wall Arc Made to Represent Words and ii lases by Which Prisoners May Bold on.nounteation. And now for the \knock language,\or \knock alphabet.\ There is a multitude of such alphabets at the various political prisons of Russia and Siberia almost every prison having an alphabet of its own. The simplest system is: One knock at the wall signifies a, two knocks b, three knocks c, etc. But as the Russian grammar contains thirty-five letters, this system is tiresome and inconvenient, and to facilitate it various aconstic methods are used. A knock at a wall with the end of a finger sounds different from a knock with a knuckle. A thumb nail causes another peculiar sound. The sound of the palm of the hand is different from that caused by a, fist. All the finger nails at once creates a peculiar sound of their own: the knuckles make the knock sound dif- ferent than the finger ends, or the wrist, or elbow. Again various sounds can be elicited with every or several fingers at once, and the sound of a bass button or a peuh older can also easily be distinguished. The formation of a knock alphabet further depends on the figures marked on the wall by the knocks. A straight line could easily be indicated by two knocks at different points, a triangle by three knocks, a quadrangle by four knocks, and so on. The time which elapses between the knocks is also taken into consideration, and some knocks often signify whole words and phrases. WORDS AND PHRASES. At the central prison of Belgorod, words frequently used were expressed by knock figures as follows: One knock with the end of the thumb signified yes; several knocks, repeated quickly one after an- other with the end of the thumb, signffied no; a rectangle indicated by a knuckle, meant relatives; a square, Mends, com- rades,. members of the sante party; a straigat line, what Russian prisoners call \voila the outside, free world; two straight lines,- Siberia; a triangle, prison; a bow, which was indicated by rubbing a brass button at the wall, prisoner; two parallel lines siguified corridor; a vertical line, director; a crooked line, warder; -a semicircle mediator; a knock at the wall will the elbow, czar, and so on. Several knocks at the wall with the knuckies was a warning: \Don't knock, somebody is coniiiigi\ Two slow knocks at the wall signified: \Halloo do you care to speak?\ One knock with the knuckles and one is ith the ends of the fingers went for: \Wait I am busy,\ and one knock with the whole palm signified: \Now. go on, I am ready to listen.\ I was expressed by a knock at the wall with the little finger; you, by a knock with the wrist, —134110.satealpte.latio —the .1 1 1.1,n9.K details the central prison of Belgorod, a few pre- liminary remarks are deemed necessary. There are in the Russian alphabet 'hard and soft, long and short vowels, so called. Instead of giving their respective names, the approximately corresponding English vowels will be given below for the sake of convenience. The Russian g is pro- nounced like the English g in get. The Russian j like the French g or j in ger- main or jeunesse. INGENUITY VS. THE CZAR. The alphabet was composed as follows: One knock at the wall with the large linger stood for a, ia, or ya; two kuocks with the same finger, e, ie, iou, or ye; one knock with two fingers, I, le, ei, ea, or y; two knocks with two fingers, o, on, io, or yo; one knock with the first finger joints, oo, ou, iu, or, yoo. It must be said that for the 'iake of quickness the vowels were left out whenever it was possible. B or p was expressed by one knock at the wall with one knuckle, usually with that of the large finger; v or f by two knocks with one knuckle; g or k by one knock all knuckles, j or z by one knock with the thumb and the next finger put together, 1 or r by two knocks with the same, m or n by one knock with all fingers, a or sh by two knocks with all fingers, c, te, or ch by one knock with the knuckles and one with the fingers, fol- lowed quickly one after another; kh or the German ch by one knock with a knuckle and one with a finger. etch or stitch was expressed by two quick snaps at the wall. As to figures, such were easily denoted by corresponding numbers of knocks. One knock with the middle joint of the large finger, a short pause, five knocks with the same slowly re- peated, another pause, and two knocks with the fist went for 1,500, the fist knocks indicating teros, and so on. As far as quickness is concerned, the above is the most convenient, it not the simplest, alphabet used in Russian pris- ons. It was not the product of a sudden discovery at the prison at Belgorod, but the result of modifications made grad- ually in the course of months. All sorts of systems were tried, not excepting the system used by telegraphers, that is, points and lines; or the so called figure eystem, that is, expressing, for instance, the twenty-fifth, twenty-eighth or thirty- third letter of the Russian alphabet loy two and five, two and eight, or three and three knocks, with a pause between, but they all had to be given up. To make 1. line distinguishable it was necessary to rub some metal, for instance a brass but- ton or chain joint, at the wall, but the sound was toq isharp, and the warders could easily hear it. The figure system was too slow, monotonous and weary. Besides, the walls of the solitary cells of the Belgorod prison were of solid stone block'', ape this, perhaps, made the above, system most available. Brick or wooden' wails would have necessarily required a ecnnewhat modified system. - Michael Malkoff in Chicago News. Ludy Chiaperetne tor Lady Todrists. This is A new thing, but the wonder is it was not thought of before. Why should not n corporation have and exhibit an in- terest in the moral safety (led intellectual pleasures of its patrons?? It Is well known that sharpers and scamps are on the cars eterywhere, ready to take advantage of the unprotected and uninformed. There is an increase of wernen travelers, and this lady chaperon, thoroughly posted on ad ;nation of interest, will contribute in o ROW degree to their getting the full value of their tours. There are also thousands of men traveling over interest- ing routes. who would be only too glad to pay liberally a 4 'guide\ or imparter of in- formation. Here is a capital field for shrewd fellows with less dollars than knowledge. -Globe -Democrat. English as she is spoke sounds funny to a foreigner when you hit him with some- thing like \I will come by and by to buy a bicycle. Laziness of the Cuban Moister°. The Cuban montero's Indoleacy grows rather out of overproduction than inher- ent laziness. He does not require and grab and wear his life to shreds to set great \tore by. No condition he ever knew required that. Tie has no love for luxury Hence he is in nowise distressed or distracted. He has no envious longing for broad acres, for one acre will suffice. If be owns half a dozen, his unnecessary wealth rests heavily upon him. He needs no fuel to warm him, for a loving sun al- ways does that. He needs but little clothing to protect him, for he lives in endless summer. He requires no barns and great storehouses, for all the world he knows is an endless storehouse with the bin -end at his very door. He needs no grand house, for the whole flower blos- somed island is an odorous bed chamber eternally. He may herd cattle, or wort on the sugar plantations for a few months of the year; but, if he does, a new . ° or guajiro is his slave for the rest. The whole active, prompting element of need is eliminated from the montero's life, You must know this before you can know hint. Getting a little closer to his home life and thought, he may be said to exist in perennial serenity. He marries because his father did. 'fie rears children because they come. They are welcome to come, to stay, to go. The wife attends to her few duties happily; she has no \mis- sion\ to become frenzied over; and the yams come on the table at the right time. So in the montero's, there is abetter light than in some of out pretentious American homes. -Edward L. Wakeman. A Bicyclist in China. As we proceed down the street my ap- pearance seems to stir the population up toa pitch of wild excitement. Merchants dart in and out of their shops, people in rags, people in tags and people in gorgeous apparel, buzz all about me and flit hither and thither like a nest of stirred up wasps. If curiosity has seemed to be rampant in other cities it passes all the limits of Occidental imagaination itt Ki-ngan-foo. Upon seeing me, everyf body gives utterance to a peculiar spon- taneous squeak of surprise, reminding rile very much of the monkey's notes -of alarm in the tree tops along the Grand Trunk road, India. By the time we are half way along the street the whole city seems in wild tumult. Men rush ahead, peer into my faoe, de- liver themselves of the above mentioned peculiar squeak and run hastily down some covergent alley way. Stall keepers hastily gather up their wares and shop- keepers frantically snatch their goods in- side as they hear the tumult and see the mob coming down the street. The ex- citement grows apace, and the same wan- ton cries of \Fankwae! Fankwae!\ that followed me through Han-tchou-foo are here repeated with wild whoops and ex- ultant cries. One would sometimes think that all the devils of Dante's inferno had gotten into the crowd and set them wild with the spirit of mischief. -Thomas Stevens in Outing. Scienhiits have long souihn ror a liked and invariable standard of•Jen,gth. The measures in common use are mere arbi- trary lengths, and, !f the original stand- ards should be destroyed, could not be ac- curately replaced. The French mener Is supposed to be a ten -millionth part of the quadrant of the earth; but the accuracy of the original measurements has beep seriously called in question. The so called wave lengths of light have been Sugjiested as furnishing an invariable numerical magnitude, but their excessive minute- ness and the difficulty of accurately meas- uring them have heretofore been an in- superable objection to their use. Messrs. Michelson and 'Morley have now devised a method of measuring these wave lengths, which they claim is prob- ably adcurate to one ten -millionth part. When it is considered that a wave length of sodium (yellow) light is only about one forty -thousandth of an inch, the delicacy of this method becomes apparent. What- ever theory may be held as to the naturte of light, the numerical values called for convenience \wave lengths\ are actual and invariable magnitudes of something; and, if the new method of meaeurement. proves reliable, there will be no difficulty In obtaining a fixed standard of length which can be reproduced at any time or place. -Popular Science News. The Club as a Weapon. From the earliest times, the club was a favorite military weapon, its prinunve form being simply of a straight stick' much heavier at one end than at the other, mind adapted for use either by one or both Mande. With improvements' in other styles or weapons, however, came the mace. The mace is. a shafted weapen, consisting of a wooden hatm114 fitted into an iron head, the lattel l being of many different styles. eld .. 7, maces have phalanges on the sides; others are round like an orange, and fin'aished with sharp projecting points; while other again are in the shape of two• imperial crowns placed base to base. The mace was a horseman's weapon, usually fastened to his saddle during the march, and, in an action, suspended by a cord round his wrist. It was a favorite weapon for fighting ecclestiasties, of whom there*were many during the mid: die ages. 'Priests, by a canon of the church, being forbidden to use the sword,' the mace, the lance, the halberd and sev- eral other weapons of this description, were allowed to take the place of that weapon, which, in all ages, bail been typ- ical of war. A modification of the mace was a plain hammer or • laul, frequently , carried by long bowmen. It was a simple mallet of wood or of iron, with a handle 4 or 5 feet long, used as an offensive weapon at close quarters.--Globe-Demen crust. The WOrlit of a Ranchwan. A renchman's work is, of course, free from much of the sameness attendant upon that of a mere cowboy. One day he will ride out with his men among time cattle, or after strayed horses; the•next he may hunt, so as to keep the rancli'M meat; then he can make abe tour of his outlying camps; or, again, may join one of the round ups for a week or two, per- haps keeping with it the entire time it is working. On occasions he will have a good deal of spare time on his bande s which, if he chooses, he can spend in rea.di hug or writing. If he cares for bocike, there will be many a worn volume in the primitive little sitting room, with its log walls and huge fire place; but, 'after it hard day's work, a man will not read' much, but will rook to and fro in the flickering firelight, talking sleepily over his success in the day's chase and the , difficulty he has had With the cattle; or else may simply lie stretched at full length on the elk hides and wolf skios in front of the hearthstone, listening in drowsy silence to the roar and crackle of, the blazing logs and to the moanine of the wind ontside.-TheodoieRoosevelt in The Century.
