The Ekalaka Eagle (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1909-1920, September 26, 1919, Image 3

THE EKALAKA EAGLE. SURRENDER OF FORT WHOOP=UIP ENDED MERMAN IIKVASEICK CANADA AND SPELLED THE DOM OF THE HUDSON BAY COMPAKY 5lontana men, Joe Kipp, Joilnio ilealy and Al Hamilton, broke op OP,' VASt. monopolistic fur trading career of the mighty Hudson I3ay which for two centuries coined • was dominant from Great Slave Lake to the present Montana nortliern boinotary line. From 1670 to about it also drew all the Indian fur trout the territory as far south eliowstone river. In its way ary of the Hudson Bay corn - fine of the great commercial fif history, and its poising AR reit controlling power of the eataidian northavest to n mere ef modern department stores in r at. tornis an interesting chapter sistory of Montana. aeginning of the end of the Bay company as a fur-trad- amoly came when Joe Kipp. on the Blackfeet reservation ta, anti CharlicaThomas, Ills old r ete r at Fort Benton, crossed Of Marian line in 1870 and built Fort Standoff on Belly river. The end came sight in October, 1874. when t hree troops of _he newly organized Nallove.it Mounted Police rode up to Oa door of Fort Whoop -tip, built by Johnny Healy and AI liamiltoe tee oars previously on St. Mary* , era , at its confluence with Dew river. and demanded the surrender of the Fort. liaving expected a battle, mei !wing prepared to storm the sheer if eccessary. the (\needier] eaecers were much astoniehed and net a little relieved when Healy and lialeflom met them with the gales erra The all-powerful Hudson Bay com- tree Mei urged the coming of the po- s e . to break up the contraband wills- •,,ss trading businees of the Ameri- ca , who had invaded their territory. aas police came. advertised the cone- ,:uil settlers began to pour in nitli efa fenstructIon of the railroads. The hist of the buffalo migrated acrose the american line in 1878. never to teem) I. G. Baker ('o. of Fort Renee] took up trading in tlie north whore Kipp. Healy and Hamilton with otheee of thoir kind, left off. and ilefison Bay company was pushed ista the background In n territory for two centuries it had reign- ertne. erfetance of the Northweet el the ntost thrilling and ro- chapters In the histories of viontana and of the Canadian etesest is that which had to de 'lie invasion of the Hudson Bay ••••• by Kipp anti his followers; eding of Porta Standoff. Kipp ,••op -tip, the surrender of Fort lip and the suppressinn of the n contraband trade. The ; al fort built by the Americans las Whoop -tip. and around it centers telav in the minds of old timers whe efra in the north when it flourished orld of memories of border ro- see , and traditions. of the men who was in the de- • • tit of :Mounted Pollee that de- , : , it,1 the surrender of Fort e , ••••1. -up Is Colonel James T. Stan- •rf-' et Great Falk. nho gives a gra- il •I•scription of the surrender of t'.• hi fort and of the Incidents and • that led up to I. Atte in 387n that the Fort Ben- t , f , •taftere. who controlled all the •I fur and buffalo robe trading entana. were surprised by tite rrance of a United States mar- e:, one Harding, who annotimed he .1.1 tome to put a stop to whiskey •ra , ;ing with the Indians. The Wel- City company in Coe north fur - 1 whisky to the Indiana 'tette y In connection with tits ir trad- i z with them. and the illackfeet. r Crows. (Bee Ventres and other that traded at Fort Benton de- ted whiskey also. They an - red flint if they faith! not get ',ey at Fort Benton they would .ertit and trade their furs to the • iteresar e wiTiir el osse!!!.. • at' . t - Obi Fort W hoop -up. tableli sairrendered to the Northoest Ntounted Police without firing a gun. This fort was built in 11471 by by Jolin .1. Healy and 11. ifemiltee Hamilton la still living in Seattle, and is Ike only surviaor today of the men who invaded Canada and defied the Hudson Bay, c pato in the ea. Iv 7trs. I minder) liter • r surveyed, the spot s here Ile tried to arrest Kipp was found to be asto yr.rtis P011til of the line on the American side. Kipp went on north to Belly river ;Ind there built e efett which they Ramat l'r t • 'r • • in COW menturation • It ft • • fence with the marshal. o. the place :vas, being built, Gt. •• svere kept busy hauling trade goods and provisions from loort lienten, and witl. the emu ing of the winter tho Illeckfeet. Pie gaits and Bloods gathered on the Bel- ly and Old Man rivets. according tc itti agreement they had made nith Kipp. The country was black oft)) buffalo, and by the time spring came tlie WPPCOOOP.! hnid toono nee robes and more than 2.000 small skins. ; n 1, 0 1 (1 10 9. the trade room wee bare of Healy Starte North The arrivni of the Fort Standoff robes in Fort Benton caused great! xf itement. The season at Benton had loom an extremely thiprotitoble t ne. nder lite watchful eye hf Mar-, hal Harding. traders had been un-, able to make a tnove. and they lost no time in prepnring to invade the north country as Kipp had so sue- cannon were mounted on the bastions ,ceselittly done. Before summer had with plenty of grape and canister ' well etarted. plans were afoot . by • shot beside them in the shape of 25 - !ethers to go some trading north of 1pound sacks of trade balls. The to - the lite , during the coming winter. , tal eost of the place was $20.000. The leafier of th3 seeond expetil-t Most appropriately, it was named lion, John .1. Healy, was one of the ; Port Whoop-Cp, in accordance with bravest and most picturesque char- the owneis' intentions of \whooping acters of the northnest. He was la- t up\ things in the north country. ter several times shet - iff of Chouteau Kipp and Thomas, in the mean - county aryl still later the leading !time bought a bull train of many fouler of Dawson city, Yukon, where; wagons, and, abandoning F'ort Stand - 1.0 nettle and lost a million dollars. off. built Fort Kipp at the junction of lenliowing Kipp's arrival at Ben -1 the Belly and Old Man rivers. It ton, %mile Red Itiver italftireeds came; was not a pretentious place—merely :n and brought word that the factor t some roureh log cabins put up to form of the Hudson Bay company at Fort :three sides of a square. and there was calgary had sworn vengeance against : l eo stockade across the fourth, or the Amerlean invaders of his terri-it.outh side, facing the riser. Differ - off y and was going to clean out Fort ing from the betief of ilealy and t andoff. ' Hamilton, they rightly had concluded , Healy, therefore, was not willing' that no fortified post was necessary.. to take any chances without proper; A Profitable Winter protection when he went northward.. During the summer and fall great When he and his partner, Al. Hamil-tquantities of legitimate trade gouda ton, reached the junction of the St. were hauled with bull trains to the. efary's and rivers. they built a two forts front Benton. anti plenty of t fort that oils large enough to with- alcohol was brought out by fast four - stand any sort of assault that could horee teams, despite the watchful-i be. made upon it. The place was built ness of the manilal. The three Meek- t upon the plan of Fort Benton. and feet tribee, besides the Sareees and , Gros Ventres, brought in large nem- ' hers of robes. and trade MAR good. The EUCCOSS of the two firms was so marked that during the ensuing slim- mer other Fort Benton people came :north to get a share of the trade. no- ' tab!) J. I). Weatherwax. who built a post just below Fort Kipp. The following winter. 1873-1874, all of the posts did a fine trade. something like 9,000 tanned robes going to Ben- ton the following spring. Meanwhile the Hudson Bay - elm- pany had been urging the Dominion government to come to its aid anfl supprees the American traders, and its plea was finally granted. A large detachment of mounted police was sent west in the stonmer of 1874 NI ith orders, firet. to capture Fort Whoop-, Cp. and second. to run down the band of Americans that had wiped out a band of some 20 . 0 Indians in the Cy-! pre..s massacre. Surrender of Whoop -up Colonel Jernes T. Stanford oi Great Falls was with the Mounted Police on their expedition against Fort Whoop -up. The tolice were equipped %%int two 9 -pounder cannon anti two howitzers. besides their rifles •li t • Ij11,1 ,111,1 lare-bring- ,a thee Joan , : !h. teeei vorltal eet ii.faiy and liamiltos had or: hetet had beilf4 bur- fied Oe- erfee,fi eithin the fort. r. that 4,te, the poitee made ,r :earst e tete. tweet eothing ot t a contraband rife are. %.Va ftherwax . had neusiel terfieve tees :Jess. ,contiscoeel atal teen -tad to Mon- eith ; the reselt fi.t eteee• 0 0 1(.1.0.. WAS , tana. It tray he mentioned in pass- ing that Ve'eetaffererax end Ismer, years later at the oil mining tcarap of eoge, Ir. Oa Little Bait mounti , ire. beteete Ntriiart zeal rtica feben io tell tra.te et. erareta faith erhich Lef •a - as riser:lea (es. foal broke 'his neck. elate. fee timers of Mon- , tana reuall him with atractionate f memory. Refused to Buy labooteup ; Healy toad tO Sell I FOrt WhOOle . UP th' )1./eiltefl Poll , e t i it , 1 : :1 , !alleged that it oat affre than $20.- e - ho headed the NI aeftral PoLee, re - ; fused to pay thc prlie. The Seariet : 1 Riders therefore eent enother 20 f miles and beet Fort Macleod, first lof the :Mounted Police pcsa-, nhere they speat thr• winter. ▪ arid Hamilten soon solfl and returned to Montars. Imekily for Kipp and Thenafs. the tred coats arrived on the plum. hefore. I they had stoekeel lip far the etteer. They forthwith abandonetl For Kipp and returned to Siontana. eta , they took up a raneh at the plate% ti at. Is now the toen of Impuyer. There they raised cattle for several years and did sonic freighting bet e een Fort Benton anti the nmentain towns with their buil train. In 1877 they sota their place to James Grant and dis- solved partnorehip. Kipp buying Fort conrtel from I. G. Baker te Co. but doing little busint ss there. Instead. he !ratted with the Bleckfeet at vari- ous points until the last of the bison bad vseie--1-fed. FLATHEAD CHDEF ASKS PRESI1DENT WILSON ounsr POLICEMkN IN TrO HEIGHT OLD WRONGS DONE MIIS PEOPLE \' Li ' is I\ BUTTE Sant Prolate 97 years old, believed , to be the oldest police officer in the Tie iolloeing year General Gar- not understand tare:lug aefi their world, is still holding down a teat in field oils sent to the Bitter Root to condition became deplorable. ithe vicinity of the tity market on arrange a treaty to provide for the In 1891 General Carrington was ! East Mercury street in tome Pro - removal of the Indians. Victor was sent to try to induce ('hnrlot to move.ltine is not on the pay nil( of the city. now dead. and his son. Chariot. was Ariee was now dead. and conditions t tut is employed by private propertY head chief of the Flatheads. Chariot at Jock° had changed so much that own. rs as a special officer in that fits_ had been a consistent friend of the it was hoped the old man might give trict. Neverthelees, he nears a reg- whites and, RA Chief Resurrection his conaent. At last Chariot yieldel tiler polite waiter's star of the city of Mated in his petition to President \I will go.\ he said. \I and my chil-' Butte. an 1 he II:arches his beat as Wiloon at Helena. the Flatheads had dren. My young men tire becoming spryly ea any man on the force. frequently lent their aid to avert dis- aster to white settlements which werr bad. They have no place to hunt.; Warty obi timer. who knoe Sam de- ll , . years old. MY women are hungry anti my babies ' elare he Is more than threatened by other tribes. are starving. For their sake I nill ; Clue elan mho has kr onti him for Garfield Swindles Indian.. en. I do not want the land you prom- year , . s•rys 1 .• has }wen ch leg his age any that same nits to evpire (991 --or the Red River cart trail. hie seare from tinte of its Three (lass later. just niter cross- ninety issue. . ante o as f reel' up between frig the north fork of Milk river, Kipp 'Governor .1 .1. Stevens and four nar looked beck and PAW a Ione Titter foto chiefs of the Flethend. and when the looing et a stiff lope. \It's the mar- shal,\ said Kipp, \and right here s %here wr gland hhit off \ Malik Fort Standoff Harding rode up end ordered Kipp to turn his outfit mooted and heal -m ar _ Sellolt tribe of the Flathentle. anti for Fort Itenton. Kipp said: ghat, you're JAM 20 minutes ton late ehile his petition was not nt all clear We croesed the boundary line at the as to what his people demand under terms of the treaty referred to. Nnrth Fork back there.\ snit! Mei% the The marshal stormed and threat the president, if he investigated the ened. Kipp defied him. Finilly matter. would find that these re.1 !larding wheeled his horse nod rode imply are entitled to Aome considern- back on the trail. Later, %ellen tht . tion for the shameful ntannet in ninety-nine (99) 3ent•s have elapsed we were to have another treaty ••Vours rely. \c111EV SAM RESCRIIECTION.\ Chief ilestirrection is head of the The:e eas a path* , incident in contention nith the s -it of Presi- dent Wilson to Ilelenn last •veek---an incident that recalled PO dishonorable chapter in the history of the Vei- led States government that it might have been caiculated to make the chief eaectitive bleAlt for hia contitrs's shame. had he been aware of all the detail.% of the matter. At the Marlow theater, before the president began his speech, there ap- peared a pathetic figure of an Indian MO a demand that he see President Wilson. Ile made his way finally past the ttecret service men and elope( Minds vvith the president. handing igni at the same time a pe- tition whirl) read as followe: - Many yeers ago God put the eartit here Mid gave this country to the true natives. born Americans. the red men. le 1492 Christopher l'ollitittpult die. es ere,' this country. - tier first preaident. George Weal,- leetott. end aftt•r him 27 presidente. am Bay Company. This slum - no •• of Miele tried to help the in - threw consternation into the - diate of the tribeA in Montana. We of the Fort Benton traders nre the stellate Kipp Outwit% Niar•lial - .One hundred and thirteen years Marshal 1h:riling st'v - eget Lest Is ant! Clark came to this r•I stocks of liquor at Fort Benton ottr chief was Three Engle. oel warned the tradere that nny wet When ne tirst saw them we Indians foiled in the Iddien territory. thought that the:: %sere (toil, and they ',eluded Fort Benton anti the sprt.,10 the buffalo robe anti gave atirrounding it for st %prat linen te these white men. and non thflial miles. would be seized. I a d , e hoe il0 IWO try to help Hs. JOr. Kipp nett his partner. charlie I sS2 there vas a battle at Spo- I homas. hit on a new trading plan kane nbout 67 years ago, the it nos to go to Helena. which WWI white settiern atel the Infilane. Our 'et in thf• Indian country. and buy a hirt. Victor. sent Adolph to help the stock of alcohol, nnd to take white.. which we did. teross the Canadinn line. where _Batt r on In 1867. when the Nez rseal•I be outside the juriAdielion \ it trouble. \ allot sent help stat ee government. to uhil „, tiee planned to build a trod- ..When the war broke with (ler- eost nnieh would control all the Mali% MI. sent many young men over •• of the Illarkfeet 'Mach had to help win the war. sti going to Fort Benton. •• man( you to knon vve are toy - The marshal scented the plan and „, av always have helped tile determined to prevent Kipp takine wish nu y ou m en in mitti I fq nieohol through the Itolinn cotin- \\' tank In the While 'helot% nould help 'rY into Canada. and he follitatel Him to Helena to watch Kipp ' 1 ' „ In the trenty in Grass Valley. hoitglit 75 cases of 'deb proof fil• eat,' 1110 state of Montana. Jul) 16, lsee. teen 511mph:a Nell Co. at ileleoft 1 - I I I , am had it delivered at a point on 'he souri and Major Martin 54:tablets. th. ti matte the treaty ulth Covent, Missouri river just below Helena. lie ' r Grove, below Misaoela. Victor MOS latter Montena's delegate in tonere- - made a raft of it nnfl floated, It divot, chief ot the flatheads. awl by the were appointed aA a special corny t: v eats sime that treaty the Allasourl to the mouth of See s f . treaty he ceded a large area ot eliat Mon to inveAtigate conditiona. 're aide. ' Noe. in that ' tre t ! is now westerti Montana: but insist- tviaited the Jocko agency and tiff Thor, at the present site of Greo , MIT °I NI (lilt people retain that portion emit to Stevensville to see Charlet Ilere ha was met by Charlfe I ms r; • r. end et emit(' ilke to get Thoutus with three four -horse teams of the Ilitter Boot valley above Lo Lo' Ile told them his story. Thee heard the benefit of this snit' treaty The alcohol watt loaded anti a stet • • creek. There was, however. an niter- Father Ilevalli's nceount of the s e :I - The law readings of thia treats. mole north over the old trevois tef • - - native clatter% that empowered the ter. They determined that chare • peesident to make surVeys and to de- woe absolutely right. and they for, (ermine from them whether it oas from Generni Garfield the atimiset. better for the FiatheadA to rentain itt that Chariot had not signed C • the bitter Root or go to the Jock° treaty. reservation. The treaty promised This was in the early 80's. 1 , the Flatheade that the gov •rnment 1884 Major Ronnn took Chariot n- , : would send carpentere. blacksmiths. five of hitt sub -chiefs to Wafthington attisana and tearhers to help them for conferencee with the president learn the wass of the %sillies. nnd the secretary of the interior. lit 1871, 16 years later. the govern- Chariot was promised more t•onces- Mont had t.arried out practically none sfons if he would move. Ile stated of lite terms of the treaty. No tea- that the promises of the government chers %nrlisans of nny kind bad were ntade only to be broken. anti he been sent and ito surveytt had been refused to yield. A year later a dis- made. Consequently the Indians re- trIbutIon of supplies WAS made to eisted a presi•lential order made that Chnriors band nt Stevenoville. Wa.• year that the Indians should be trnns- goes, horses and plows were also ift- ferred to the Jock() valley. sued to them. But the Indians did which they levee put out ff; the Bit- ter Root valley after being betraz ed. deceived and snimiled by ngents of the government and epecial represen- tatives of the president. So flagrant WAS tilts wrong done that the United States government has never even made a denial of the charges made by the Sellsh people. Story of n People'a Betrayal The dealing , . of the government with the Flatheads began in 187,5, ellen Governor I. Stevens. atter whom Stevensville wne MIAMI, held a treaty %%Rh the tribe at Council ise. I do not believe your promisee. ' at ;IT* th. ;.1-r -It' he is General Garfield stated in his of- Ail I want IA enough grmind for niv finf. I •- it•• \ i •eis !riend, ficial report that he found the In - grave.\ \and I helfesa •_ • 1. .,.• tea.- diens unwilling to move bemuse for . Chariot never poftened. nrongs rate s • .f - - a ra e,•- .pecial Chief lintiot. Who Died Cm - bitter el .agnino the Whitea, , all•t• lig` 't% ne• IPM1.11.1i 1,1 General Garfield. Gie Littler the MAI lot tia.1 Sign- ed a Treaty %Whittle the I riltal Land. in the Bitter Boot %alive. , eons e goacrnmen tat a en were genuine and he brooded over leaf,\ offir • r ,•• no steps to cerry out the provisions of them to the last. He never was re- Ilf. , te lie Is the treaty of 1855. lie prepared an conelled to his change of bottles. Ile about . agreement. providing for the renmval distrueted nearly all whites. 11•• eat , ee- l'• •• of the Flatheads to the Jocko valley. Chartot finally pastier' to his fa- I:. Ara, ae,•,os which was published as having been thera. Time hag peered and the al- •• signed by ('harlot. first chief of the Flatheade have. in a measure. pre. - Flatheads; Arlee. second chief: tiered. They tire probably better off I• -• Adolf, third chief. Hind most Indlen tribe:. Time ha- e at. Chariot at once declared that he Motet:reit their nronga anti the gov - i-g • !lever bed signed the treaty. ernment it probable. nova r the •.. of honor nes wounded. his dig- give them the riehta to which they avat• •Iity ‘‘as shocked awl Ids last ehreti wf .., r , „ nt t t l e a e nder the teeety t e - ff faith in the hone:its . of the white lass nen wais ehattered. Ile refused to I move and remained in the ilitter Root %%hereupon the government deeign- ated Arlee as bead chief of the Flat - heaths. deporting Clinrlot. This atitle•I to the resentment of Chariot. who a. flared that Ariee was a renegade e Perces. Years paetied anti Chariot and hi- folloners continued to live near Ste veneville. nearly atarving in death Major Ronan became agent of thf Flatheads find he eympathized with Chariot deeply. Ile recognized. ite•• ever. that the government would - net justly. and that flintier resiatala • on Chariot's part was futile. Ile urged him to remove to the Jo, • . valley. where he could get sumer- and other aid. Chariot nos bill. - anti refused. Collate.* lnareetigatee Meanwhile tbe Bitter Root was set tling rapidly. The hunting virettntis of the Flatheade were sone. They were starving. The matter finally . got to congtress. Senator Veat of Milt - •I • i; folena in • n.itive - to 97, 1 • : • f eager- •hcories tit t ''' .7.•••••••111111inninnorembanamora.- Give The Follts The Origina I POSTUM CEREAL for their table driak. 1 hat will dispose of those coffee troubles wl tich frequently- show in headache, irritabilit3r, indigestion and sleep- lessness. \There's a Reason\ • At Grocers. Two sizes, usually sold at I5c and 75c dattnmetmacm•mont 0 1 1 %