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About The Ekalaka Eagle (Ekalaka, Mont.) 1923-current | View This Issue
The Ekalaka Eagle (Ekalaka, Mont.), 23 March 1923, located at <http://montananewspapers.org/lccn/sn85053092/1923-03-23/ed-1/seq-6/>, image provided by MONTANA NEWSPAPERS, Montana Historical Society, Helena, Montana.
, THE EKALAKA EAGLE OWN, ofeEMPrierisieeseassses4, LTREASURE STATE F RIM SUMMER FALLOW WILL LOWER RENT MONTANA LAND BOARD ADOPTS NEW RULE TO ENOOURAGE CULTIVATION • Two Million and Halt Acres Were Under Lease Last Year; To Charge Rental Only When Cultivated Lands Are in Crop. New Decision. In the future, when in summer fal- low, state lands under lease for agri- cultural purposes, will be exempted from the charge of 75 cents an acre for cultivated lands, and rentals will be collected by the state as though they were being utilized for grazing purPoses. Having adopted the recommenda- tions of H. V. Bailey, register of state lands, and G. W. Cook, state land agent at Helena, the state board of land commissioners have made a ruling to that effect. Heretofore when state lands were leased to stockmen or farmers they have been leased at rentals ranging ffrom $60 to $120 each section a year, averaging about $75 a section, and when any portion of the land was cultivated the lease paid rental at the rate of 75 cents an acre upon such land as was put under cultivation. In view of the fact that many of the farmers are allowing portions of this farmed land to lie idle for sum- mer fallowing it was deemed unjust to charge the full 76 cents an acre a year and recommendations were made by the officials of the land de- partment that this 75 cents should be collected from farming land only when in crop, and for that portion in summer fallaw to collect at the rate provided in the lease for grazing land. These recommendations were adopted by the board. According to the records of the state land office there was under lease at the close of the last fiscal year, June 20, 1922, 2,453,597 acre of state owned laand. The board authorized the invest- ment of $6,000 of the permanent school f unds in outstanding war- rants of the hail insurance board, bearing interest at the rate of six per cent. This purchase will clear up all warrants issued by the board for hail losses of 1922. Anaconda—Penniless, with three small children, the youngest a baby of two months, Mrs. Sam York of Absarokee, near Columbus, Montana, Is in Anaconda while police and sher- iff's officers are searching for her husband, who unaccountably disap- peared shortly after the family ar- rived here. An Honest Incubator — 1 \41 , AI an Honest Price 1‘.4 Waist, Gores Task, SW Raspialisa, Librp Ohl Taal, Sakty TURES Walks& Went , . /LA Cedes Or nnsetirs Insa ito to WO Lsa OD drys TILL 1L141 Llettne sok Oal Iforatel 111.1askors Oet Weiser sel Irea pseStry helps $C Melons Itomballor Co. Centralia. WooMaatou •••10 • P.A.P.V. , LED Everbearing Strawberries Strong, vigorous, well -rooted plants 53.50 Per Hundred Postpaid Will bear the flrat year. lf .. you want our sery stock that will grow send cut• your order. Write for price lint. W. M. TREADWRI.I., Nurseryman Great Falls. Montana 160A IRRIGATED • HAY RANCH WOK SALE OR TRADE LOCATED TOO FAR FOR ME TO LOOK AFTER DOE 1411. GREAT PALLS ND I:RESTOCK SUNFLOWERS FOR THE HIGH IRRIGATED VALLEYS By CLYDE McKEE, Agronomist, Montana Experiment Station The farmer who is interested in growing a silage crop in the higher irrigated valleys in Montana will do well to give the Mammoth Russian sunflower some consideration. Be- cause of the cool temperatures pre- vailing during the growing season in the higher mountain valleys and the short period between the killing frost of spring and fall, it is impossible to secure satisfactory yields of silage from corn. Sunflowers appear to be better adapted than corn to these al- titudes. In the first place, sunflow- ers are more cold resistant and for this reason may be planted somewhat earlier than corn. This enables the crop to become established and start growth earlier than corn. Frosts that injure corn severely, apparently do little damage to sunflowers. As a second advantage, it must be mentioned that sunflowers in spite of a short growing season produce a larger tonnage of silage per acre than Is possible from corn grown under the same conditions. At the Montana experiment station at Bozeman at an elevation of approximately 4,800 feet and with an average frost free period of 93 days, sunflowers have produced an average of 22 tons of silage per acre during the past five years. During the same period, corn has produced only 13 tons of silage per acre. The experiment stations in Washington and Wyoming have had similar differences in yield between corn and sunflowers. Feeding value of the silage must be considered as well as the yield. Several experiment stations, notably those in Montana, New Mexico and Washington, and also the Manitoba Agricultural college and the Univer- sity of Saskatchewan all report fa- vorable results on feeding sunflower silage to dairy cows. However, sil- age made from sunflowers is not without its faults. In the vicinity of Billings and on the Huntley project, certain growers have been unable to make good silage from this crop and at the Huntley experiment farm near Osborn, Montana, sunflower silage proved to be inferior to that made from corn. Due to the low percent- age of fermentable sugar in the sun- flowers, the ensiled crop spoils and livestock refuse to eat the silage. Studies have been undertaken by the Montana experiment station to deter- mine the causes of the variation in sugar content. Although sunflowers are said to be \hard on the land,\ data thus far obtained from studies at the experi- ment station at Bozeman show that, pound for pound, sunflowers remove about the same amount of plant foods as do our other farm crops. How- ever, the fact that sunflowers under favorable conditions produce a very large tonnage per acre makes them a rather exhaustive crop upon the supply of available plant food. For this reason, crop rotation and the use of barnyard manure are advised. Anybody who has had experience with sunflowers grown under irriga- tion'is aware of the difficulty encoun- tered in harvesting sunflowers. The tall sunflowers tangle and are diffi- cult to harvest. The corn binder is the best machine now available for harvesting this crop, although some growers cut by hand and place the sunflowers directly on the wagon. Sunflowers for silage are planted and cultivated in practically the same manner as corn. Early seeding has given best results at Bozeman. As an average the first week in May has given the highest yields. This also allows the crop time to reach good silage stage before severe frosts oc- cur. In the methods of seeding tests under irrigation, the Montana experi- ment station obtains the best results from seeding sunflowers in rows 36 inches apart with the hills four to eight inches apart in the row. Good stands are desirable under all con- ditions. Cultivate sufficiently to control the weeds and keep the soil from becoming crusted on top. - Investigators conclude that sun- flowers should not be cut for silage until 60 to 60 per cent of the plants are in bloom, not only because of the apparent higher feeding value of the late cut silage but because there is also a greater loss of juices when the plants are harvested at an earlier stage. Good sunflower silage is usually a dark olive -brown color, much darker than corn or sorghum silage. In tex- ture it compares favorably with corn silage when the sunflowers have been harvested at the right stage of ma- turity and stored properly. Most of the complaints regarding the texture of sunflower silage are the result of harvesting the crop too late. When the plants have been allowed to stand until the seeds are in the hard dough stage or even nearer ripe, the stems become woody and do not soften up in the silo. Sunflower silage has a peculiar odor, which is rather strong, resin- ous, and somewhat sour, but not of- fensive. This odor may be one of the reasons why cattle sometimes hesitate to eat the silage when it is first offered to them. That the sunflower crop is an ex- tremely valuable addition to Montana agriculture there can be no doubt for it makes available to many of her farmers a silage crop that will pro- duce large yields of high quality feed. It is well, however, to exer- cise judgment in planting the crop and consider its disadvantages as well as its advantages. KILL SLACKERS IN CHICKEN COOP MANY HENS ARE NOT PAYING A PROFIT ON THEIR KEEP TO FLOCK OWNER Intelligent Use of the Hatchet by Poultrymen Would Make His Flock More Profitable and Save Large Quantities of Feed. It has been estimated that one million bushPls of grain would be conserved for the nation if one mil- lion unprofitable hens in the country were killed off. The average hen in the United States, according to cen- sus figures, lays about 85 eggs a year. It is safe to say that, at the present time, with feed prices at the point they are, the 300,000,000 hens of the United States, taken as a whole are not paying a profit. If it were pos- sible to pick out and kill off 100,- 000,000 the poultry producers of the United States would make more prof- it than they are now making. Some discoveries have recently been made which will enable the poultryman to use the hatchet with some intelligence. There are two methods which may be mentioned: one we will call the color test; the other, the feather test. We used to think that feathers were only useful in the show room, but a utility use has been found for them. This test has to do with molting. It has been found that the early molter is a poor layer, and that the later molter is a good layer, as a general thing. USE REX FLOUR REX IS KING NI Lap; Best in Pullet Year We have also found that the hen lays best in the first, or pullet, year. It is a question whether it pays to keep the average flock of hens more than one year, but the practice has been to keep them two years, and in the case of good stock, three years. The trapneet, however, has shown us that in every flock there are slack- ers, or poor layers, which should be killed off at the end of the first year or before. With the trapnest, of course, it is an easy matter to find the slackers, but as the trapnest is not in general use, being confined largely to breeders and experiment stations, some other method must be followed. A successful poultry raiser has outlined the following scheme or method for culling by means of the molting teat: Kill off and market all hens that are two years old or more, as Soon as they stop laying any time after the first of August. Those that continue laying till after October 1 are good layers on the average and should be retained for another year. In the absence of trapnests non -laying will be shown by the shriveled condition of the comb and wattles, closeness of the pelvic bones and hardened con- dition of the abdomen of the fowl. liens that are one year old should be marketed between August 1 and October 1 if they are molting or have molted and have stopped laying. Color Test Accurate There in another test which may be called the color test, which is very accurate. Tho following rules should be followed in making this test: Of the yellow -legged breeds, mar- ket those preferably that show yel- low color in the shanks and beak at the end of the laying year or before. The good layer will usually have pale -colored legs. Market those hens having yellow ear lobes at the end of the laying pe- eled. The good layer loses the yel- l ow color before the end of the year. We have found that those pullets LEVELING MOST IMPORTANT WORK FIELDS SHOULD BE PREPARED SO WATER WILL FLOW OVER GROUND EASILY Plow and Scraper Valuable in Re- moving High Places in New Fields and Home -Made Machine Helps to Put the Ground in Condition. Proper preparation of the field, so as to make the seed bed as nearly level as possible between the ditches, is an important factor in successful irrigation. In order that all of the field may be covered and yet not re- quire an excess of water it is essen- tial that there be no high places where the water cannot flow freely. It is seldom in Montana that new land is smooth enough for satisfac- tory irrigation. It therefore be- comes necessary to remove the high places and fill up the hollows in the field. In time the water itself will assist in making the field level, through washing, but it is often ne- cessary in the beginning to use a plow and scraper for this leveling process. An ordinary plow is used to loosen up the surfaces of the high places and then the earth is removed to the lower spots by means of a scraper. The most satisfactory scraper is the \Buck scraper\ or \Fresno.\ These are superior to the ordinary slip scraper or wheel scraper because they can be so adjusted that the load of soil will be spread over a consid- erable area instead of in a heap. It saves time and money. Road Scrapers Useful Road scrapers are sometimes used for the same purpose with excellent results. Some of the scrapers have fenders, which may be attached to the end of the blade. These fenders hold the earth directly in front of the blade, so that it may be moved along and deposited in a layer of any desired thickness by raising the blade. A finished job of grading or level- ing is seldom, if ever, produced by means of the scrapers or graders. In most places they do only the prelim- inary work. After the land has been plowed and pulverized it is well to complete the Pleveling process by means of a home-made level. While there are many types of such levelers, most Montana irriga- tors seem to favor one made as fol- lows: Making Wooden Levelers Use two side planks of 2 inches by 8 inches or 2 inches by 10 inches, about 12 to 22 feet long. These are set on edge about 7 or 8 feet apart. Three cross planks, 7 to 8 feet long, of the same width as the side planks are fastened to them as follows. The front cross plank is set with a slant Of 4 inches for 8 -inch planks or 5 inches for 10 -inch planks. The mid- dle cross plank is set on edge at the middle, while the third crow; plank Is net at the rear with the same slant and in the same direction as the first front cross plank. The whole Is firm- ly braced. A strong chain is attach- ed to the front end of the machine. When the leveler Is dragged over the land, the front cross plank knocks off the smaller high places and slides over the larger ones; the middle plank, which has a vertical position, catches the remaining high earth and pushes it forward until the leveler comes to a low place. The sides and ends of the machine now hold the center board high enough to permit the earth which is being carried in front of the center board to drop down and fill the low places. The leveler acts upon the rough surface of the field as the plane acts on an uneven board. The leveling process is often completed by going over the land once but in many cases it in necessary to go over the field a second time. The second leveling can be done more efficiently if the drag or level is run diagonally or at right angles to the first level- ing. While leveling takes much time and lots of work, its imperil:lice should not be overlooked. Proper leveling will Faye money and Wan and permit of a more uniform appli- cation of the water and at harvest time larger yields will show the value of the work. that began laying before they were 200 days of age averaged about 200 eggs in a year; those that did not lay until 300 days old were poor layers. To make this test, of course, the pul- lets should be of the same breed and have had the same care throughout the year. TIRES WITH 500 NAIL HOLES LEAK NO AIR Mr. V. H. Milburn of Chicago has invented a new puncture -proof inner tube, which, in actua teat, was punc tured 600 times without the loss of any air. Increase your mileage from 10,000 to 12,000 miles without re- moving this wonderful tube from the wheel, and the beauty of it all Is that this new puncture -Proof tube costs no more than the ordinary tube, and makes riding a real pleasure. You can write Mr. V. S. Milburn at 333 West 47th St., Chicago, as he wants them introduced everywhere. Wonderful opportunity for agents. If interested write him today. SKIM MILK DIET GOOD FOR CALVES JUST AS GOOD CALVES MAY BE RAISED ON MILK AFTER SEPARATING Proper Care and Attention Demanded In Feeding Young; Break Them Into Skim Milk Diet Gradually; Give Plenty of Hay and Grain. While the high prices for veal may he tempting to the Montana farmer, he should raise his own calves, and build up a dairy herd just as rapidly as possible. Dairying seems destined to become one of the most profitable farm industries in the state. Experi- ments conducted by experts of the United States department of agri- culture show that Montana is the best adapted for dairying of any of the northwestern states. Skim milk is sufficient to raise a mighty good calf. Some farmers, however% are not as successful in raising calves on skim milk as others, such a diet requiring more care and attention on the part of the farmer. While whole milk seems to produce the best calf, it does not necessarily follow that it produces the best cow Experiments carried out at several state experimental stations show that as good animals can be produced on skim milk as on whole milk if proper care and attention are given by the farmer in feeding. The calf should be allowed to nurse its mother for the first day or two, after which it should be removed and fed by hand. Whole milk, warm and fresh . from the mother, should be given for ten days or two weeks at least. Ten or twelve pounds per day in two or three feeds should be given at first, and the length of time that it should be continued will depend upon the strength of the calf. wilt4Ure 11 A STAIN AND VARNISH That comfortable, old and well- worn chair you are so fond of and would never throw away can be made a real decoration with Gilt Edge Glazine. Floors and furniture take a new lease on life, and anything of Wood is made lasting and beautiful dire its use. You can easily' apply it yourself and it dries overnight. Made In different colors for various kinds of wood, Glazine has become invaluable to thousands of women who like to keep things bright and well preserved. Do it yolmelf and SAVE tke difference. FARWELL, OZMUN, KIRK DePt. E 6.1. CO. SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA COUGHS Every few hours swallow slowly 'Mall pieces of Vicks the size of a pea. Melt a little in a spoon and inhale the vapors. ICKS VakpoRus Oefer 17 Million Jars Used Yearly Great Falls—Mary McNeill is held in the city jail here because she in- sists on marrying William Lindsay, 28, a negro, the state law serving as an obstacle to a sordid romance. Better Seeds Better Crops Don't \guess\ about the quality of the seeds you plant. Plant INLAND Seeds, and KNOW! Inland Seeds are grown from the very finest selected stock. They are thoroughly tested for germination, acclimated and espe- cially adapted for use in the Northwest. Our FREE 1923 Catalog gives pictures, descriptions and prices of seeds for every require- ment. Also valuable information about planting and cultivation and complete list of Dairy, Poultry, Bee and Garden supplies and Nur- sery Stock. It's a textbook of farm and garden information that you'll use every day. Write for your copy NOW. \Inland Meech. are Quality Heeds\ THE INLAND SEED CO. 018 First Avenue, Spokane, Wash. Agricultural and Grazing Logged Off Lands of the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., on Easy Terms Dairying is a type of farming best adapted to the timbered sec- tions of western Montana. Most of the land can be converted into pasture at very little expense and dairy cows will yield a splendid profit from the land without the necessity of removing the stumps, although a sufficient acreage must be put under the plow to supply winter feed. In connection with dairying, hogs and poultry should take an important part. All fruits, berries and garden truck thrive; field crops of grain, clover, tim- othy, potatoes and stock roots do well. You are buying at values fixed by experienced appraisers, strip- ped of promotion charges, com- missions and other trimmings, which are usually added before it reaches the farmer. We will aid you in selecting a location that is adapted to your needs. BLACKFOOT LAND DEVELOPMENT CO. Missoula, Mont. Drawer 1590 VACCINATE DURING ANY WEATHER WITH LEDERLE BLACK -LEG AGGRESSIN SAFE 100 PER CENT ONE DOSE, COSTING 15 CENTS, PROTECTS DURING LIFE Aggressin is approved by Montana State Veterinary Department, United States Bureau of Animal Industry, all Veterinary Surgeons, and all cattle men who have used it. LEDERLE AGGRESSIN is the last word in Black Leg Vaccination, Dr. M. E. Knowles, Helena, State Distributor for LEDERLE VACCINES, Aggressin, Anthrax, Abortion, Hemorrhagic Septicaemia, Hog Cholera, White Scours --all preventive and curative biologics. Suggest to your Veterinary Surgeon the use of \Lederle\ products. AGGRESSIN IN 10, 20 and 50 -DOSE PACKAGES HAMPSHIRES 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922. FOR 5 ThAREI IN SUCCESSION Hampehires have won grand championship over all breeds, all ages, and all weights of hogs In the carload lots, at the International Livestock Show, FOR 5 YEARS IN SUCCESSION Hampahlres hnve•shown the youngest, yet the heaviest spring pigs at this show. HAMPSHIRE/4 ARE THE PRACTICAL FARMER'S PRACTICAL IWO, because of—their Teat type—their graz- ing qualities—their activity health and vigor—their highly developed mother instinct and milking qualities—their early maturity and economical gains AND BECAUSE THEY ARE RlECOONIZED MARKET TOPPERS. For information abont Hampshirea or for names and addressee of breeders near you, address HAMPSHIRE RECORD, ASSOCIATION 409 WIpeon41.4 Dept. 17' Ave. t E. C, STONE, Secy. Peoria, Illinois 4 4 • •
