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About The Geraldine Review (Geraldine, Mont.) 1913-1963 | View This Issue
The Geraldine Review (Geraldine, Mont.), 27 Dec. 1917, located at <http://montananewspapers.org/lccn/sn86075148/1917-12-27/ed-1/seq-2/>, image provided by MONTANA NEWSPAPERS, Montana Historical Society, Helena, Montana.
ee a ee ee en etn aS meas cf my charge, I accuse of readiness to accept an outcome of the war. volume. Unfortunately for this notion, however, the rather cynical observation that the only acts of parliament which were ‘and naval forces of the country, together with all the vast number of _which means now all humanity’s If I were asked to name the characteristic which more than any other distinguishes our present-day political institutions, I am not sure that I should not answer, “The passion for making laws.” ‘There are 48 small or moderate-sized legislative bodies in the United States engaged a good deal of the time, and one very large national legislature working overtime at this amiable occupation, their habitual output being not far from fifteen thousand statutes each year. The prevailing obsession seems to be that statutes, fike the crops, enrich the country in proportion to their the average legislator does not always know what he is sowing and the*harvest which frequently results is made up of strange and unexpected plants whose appearance is as astonishing to the legislator as it is disconcerting to his constituents. This situation, I am bound to say, is not wholly unrelated.to a more or less prevalent superstition entertained by the electorate that previous training in legislative affairs is a superfluous adjunct of the legislative mind, which should enter upon its task with the sweet inexperience of a bride coming to the altar. As rotation in crops—if I may return to the agriculture figure—improves the soil, so rotation in office is supposed to improve the government. The comparison, however, is illusory since the legislator resembles the farmer who cultivates the crops rather than the crops themsélves, and previous experience, even of the most thorough character, on the part of the farmer has never hitherto been supposed to destroy his availability for continued service. I think it was the late Mr. Carlyle, who, is reported to have made entitled to commendation were those by which previous acts of parlia- ment were repealed. I am not prepared to go quite that far, though I am prepared to say that in my judgment an extraordinarily large pro- portion of the statutes which have been passed from time to time in our various legislative bodies might be repealed without the slightest detri- ment to the general welfare. The tronble with much of our legislation is that the legislator has mistaken emotion for, wisdom, impulse for knowledge, and good inten- tion for sound judgment. “He means well” is a sweet and wholesome thing in the field of ethics. It may be of small consequence, or of no con- sequence at ll, in the domain of law. “He means well” may save the legislator from the afflictions of an accusing conscience, but it does not protect the community from the afiliction of mischievous and meddlesome statutes. Unselfish Co-operation and not Fault Finding Will Win War for America _ By REPRESENTATIVE PAT HARRISON of Miniaippi Co-operation, not fault-finding, is now the duty of Americans. The president of the United States is in this time of war charged with the gravest and most responsible duties. In the administration of new and untried laws and the operation of the greatly increased military additional matters rendered necessary by the war, no doubt mistakes will be made. It would be a miracle if they were not. But the criti¢, espe- cially if he be a leader of men whose duty it is to play an important part in molding public opinion—the critic and the fault finder whose only activities are criticizing and fault-finding with those who are adminis- tering the law and carrying on the numerous vast operations incident to war—is yot a truly good soldier or a good leader or a loyal American. The disintegration of Russia, which has been so costly to the entente allied cause, and which will materially delay the successful termination of the war, should be a striking lesson to those Americans who are inclined to criticize and find fault with those whose duties and functions are to carry the war to a successful and victorious end. ‘ Great and large powers necessarily must be conferred upon the executive of the nation at this time. The delegation of such powers in ordinary times would not be dreamed of. But promptness and efficiency re imperative now and to obtain the highest-efficiency, to-strike with the pewer and might of the nation, we must delegate for the time unusual wuthority to the executive head. America’s course in this war is of tremendous importance to the .Jeace and safety and freedom of the world. Never in our history were unselfish co-operation and patriotic unity and devotion to duty so much needed. All true Americans will work together for the country’s good, good. Those who do not are not true Americans. ‘ Sanuneauananene American People Cannot Consider Peace Proposed by Prussia By STEPHEN S. WISE, Rabbi of the Free Synagogue of New York Any We cannot and will not consider peace at the instance of Prussia or of any witting or unwitting agents of Prussia. The only peace the American people at any time will be prepared to consider is a peace which must be disastrous to every hope of Prussia’s rulers or a peace made over their heads and perhaps their bodies with the German people, returned to reason and humaneness after the dethrone- ment of the war-mad lords, who have been suffered to defile and to damn the whole German people. : The president not merely willed to keep us out of war but throughout nearly three years of irritation and insult, of contumely and outrage, he achieved the miracle of keeping us out of the war. Why did the president lead us into war? Because he saw that we were not so much challenged ene HOUSE ‘Prepared by the United ‘States Depart- ment of Agriculture.) Winter eggs do not come to the careless poultryman. The best meth- ods of feeding, housing, and handling are necessary to stimulate egg pro- duction during the cold months. The greatest egg production during the fall and winter is possibie only with well- matured pullets which were hatched in March and April, as late hatched pullets usually will not lay during the fall and early winter, while older hens are molting at that time and lay few if any eggs. If the. poultryman has good stock, the methods of feeding and housing described below will produce good re- sults, . Kind of Feed. Good scratch mixtures may be made of equal parts, by weight, of cracked corn, wheat, and oats, or of two parts of cracked corn and one part each of wheat and oats. If wheat is relative- ly high in price it may be left out of this latter mixture, and the proportion of beef scrap increased one-fourth in the mash. In addition a mash made of three parts cornmeal and one part each of wheat bran, wheat middlings, and beef: scrap should be fed. Green feed, such as cabbages, mangel-wurzel beets, cut alfalfa, or sprouted oats should be fed during the winter to re- place the green feed which the fowls have been securing in the fields; and beef scrap, skim milk, cut green bone, or some similar feed is needed to re- place he insects which the fowls have beeh securing on the range. Methods of Feeding. Feed the grain in a deep lMtter on the floor and thus make the hens exer- cise to get it.. The mash may be fed either wet or dry, and should be so regulated that the fowls will get about equal parts of mash and of the scratch grains. It is necessary to give the FOR POULTRY FLOCK placed in a draft during the fall and winter, colds are sure to develop, which may result in Troup and other troubles. From one-third to one-half of the south side, or front, of a poul- try house may be made of curtains and windows, but should be under control, so that the openings may be closed gradually as the weather be- comes cold. Have muslin curtains in the front of the house or leave a win- dow partly open, even on the coldest nights, to allow some ventilation in the house. Fowls will Stand consider- able cold air provided it is dry, and ventilation will keep the air thorough- ly dry in the house, Essentials of House. The prime essentials in a poultry house are fresh air, dryness, sunlight, convenience, and space enough to keep the birds comfortable. The house should be located where there is good water and air drainage, and so as to be, convenient in management and adapted to available land. It should face the south or southeast. From three to four square feet of floor space should be allowed for each hen. Pro- vide one nest for every four or five hens, : The illustration gives a plan for a poultry house 10 by 14 feet in size for not more than 50 hens, which can be constructed at an expense of about $28 for materials. This house hag one- half of the front open, but a two-sec- tion curtain of burlap or thin muslin which can be closed should be used on the inside of this house to close this opening on cold nights. If the ground is damp, it will be necessary to add a board floor; otherwise an earth floor elevated a few inches above the ground level will be satisfactory. If desired, a cement floor of cheap and simple construction may be laid; such a floor is a good protection against Fifty-six square feet of boards for Two pairs hinges, Nails. muslin. rows are troublesome, Materials Required For Building House, Two pieces 4 by 4 inches by 10 feet, for sills. Two pieces 4 by 4 inches by 14 feet, for sills. Two pieces 2 by 4 inches by 10 feet, for plates. Two pieces 2 by 4 inches by 14 feet, for plates. Sixteen pleces 2 by 4 inches by 12 feet, for studs, rafters, and roosts. One hundred and twenty square feet of boards 12 feet long, for ends. Eighty-four square feet of boards for front and dropping boards. One hundred and fifty square feet of boards for roof. Two hundred and seventy linear feet of 2 by 1 inch battens, Total scantling, 226 feet, board measure, ‘Total boards, 622 feet, board measure. ‘Total lumber, 850 feet, board measure, in addition to battens. One hundred and fifty square feet roofing paper, Fifty-six square feet poultry wire, 2-inch mesh, and same amount of Poultry netting, %-inch mesh, can be used in localities where spar- back. 4 4 fowls plenty to es to get good re- sults, but the birds should always be eager for each feed. In cold weather feed about one-third of the scratch grains in the morning and two-thirds at night, in which way the hens are forced to exercise more than if given all the grain they desired at the morn- ing feed. Scratch grains, mash or ground grains, meat meal, green feed, grit, and shell, should be supplied in the winter. Importance of Beef Scrap. Beef scrap or feed of this nature Is very essential in securing a good sup- ply of eggs during the winter months, and is the one essential feed often omitted. Skim milk or buttermilk will partly take the place of beef scrap if a constant supply can be kept before the fowls, but some beef scrap should also be fed. Waste products from the table qnd kitchen can be used. As these p contain some waste meat, the proportion of beef scrap in the mash can be reduced accordingly, These table scraps can be mixed with the ground grains and fed as a moist mash, Method of Housing. To obtain good results from a fleck of poultry during the winter, all houses and coops Should be in good condition, only healthy fowls placed in them, and good care given to the poul- try. Houses should be thoroughly to war as to defend the elementary sanctities of life in the only terms in- telligible to that band of militarists who had brought hurt to half the world and shame unutterable to their dumbly trusting peoples. Groups other than the uncompromising pacifists are to be found in the leadership of the people’s council, and these, mindful of the serious- which would not bring peace to men but seal the dominance of the sword cleaned, disinfected, and made tight. If they have earth floors, it is well to remove the top three or four inches of earth and replace this with dry gravel or sand. If they have cement or wooden floors, remove all litter and lirt and put in four or five inches of resh straw litter, Be sure that the touses are tight on three sides and hat there is no chance for a draft to ‘trike the hengt If hens roost or are on : Peigth cr ¢. rats. The nests may be placed direct: ly under the dropping boards or on the walls of the house, but not on the floor. This house may be built any length desired, to accommodate the number of hens to be kept. Clean the dropping boards at least once a week, and paint or spray the roosts two or three times a year with a coal-tar wood preservative or with crude oil, also using this material in the nest boxes and around the drop- ping boards. If kerosene oll is used, it should be applied at least twice a month. Haye a good supply of sand or dry dirt on hand to use on the dropping boards during the winter. DROPPING BOARD IS FAVORED Saves Considerable Quantity of Fiith From Accumulating In the Scratching Material. The dropping board saves a lot of filth from accumulating in the scratch- ing material. Through the winter In most sections, the birds spend most of their time on the roosts, and just so much of the droppings are caught on the boards. It is more convenient to gather, and it is an economic waste to permit any of this to be lost. CULL CHICKENS FOR WIN R Does Not Pay to Carry Over Late- Hatched Fowls—Throw Out All Undesirables, Cull closely the pullets you select to put in winter quarters. It wil] not Day to carry over the Iafe-hatched birds, for they will not lay, before February or ‘March. Throw out all that are deformed, undersized or lack- ing in vigor, * \ COMPLETE RENEWAL The peach tree is a rapid grower un- der ordinary favorable conditions, It bears fruit only on wood of the previ- oUs Season’s growth. Its characteris- te habit of growth is to form tall, erect branches, in its early years, be- coming more Spreading as its age in- creases; hence, a few seasons’ pnre- stricted, natural development, where Care and pruning have been neg- lected, results in a tall, illy propor- tioned top, form by long, straggling, slender branches at the extremities of which, out of“reach from the tallest step-ladders, the fruit is borne. The weight of the fruit, at the extremi- ties of these highly or widely extended branches, brings so great a leverage to bear upon their bases as to result in serious splitting, breaking and mu- ‘ilation of the trees. Careful, annual pruning back of the new growth from the time the young trees are planted, tends to overcome this unde- sirable habit of growth and to keep the head of the tree compact and sym- metrical, thereby lessening the danger of breaking by reducing the leverage exerted by the weight of the crop, and rendering the gathering of the fruit OF OLD PEACH TREES an easy and pleasant task. But even with carefnl, annual pruning, the Peach tree will eventually get out of proportion and out of reasonable bounds, It is at this time that a com- plete renewal becomes advisable, This cap be accomplished without the loss of a crop, providing the work be done early in the spring of a season in which the fruit buds have been de- stroyed by the severity and rigors of winter. Cut Back Each Season. Where annual crops are the rule, the fortunate orchardist may cut back a few ef the branches of each tree each season, thereby keeping an ade- quate supply of new fruiting wood coming on, low down where pruning and spraying may be easily done, and where the crop may be safely support- ed ‘by the superior strength of the short, sturdy, well-knit branches. Thus, gradually, the trees will be- come renewed, there will be no mate- rial loss in fruit production, and the fruit will be of larger size because of the decreased number of specimens to be developed.—Bulletin 180, Ohio Ag- ricultural Experiment Station. SOME VERY WELL-PRUNED YOUNG PEACH TREES. HOME ORCHARD TREES KNOWN AS BOARDERS Some Farmers Could Profitably Pull Up Some of Most Unde- sirable Varieties. (By T. O. MORRISON, State Horticul- tural Commissioner of Washington.) The home orchard has not been of any particular importance up te the present time in our state so far as sup- plying any great quantity of fruit for the commercial trade is concerned. It has been quite commonly an object of the farmer to plant trees of several varieties, in order to secure for his family and hired help sufficient fruit for the season's supply. Generally these orchards have’ yielded plentiful- ly, and in many cases, after coming Into bearing, have proved to be larger than was necessary. Since they were not intended to produce fruit for the trade, there are now some of them double the size required to furnish the family fruit supply. It would there- fore seem that some farmers ‘could profitably pull up some of their home orchard, particularly undesirable vari- eties and individual trees that were -| not paying for their keep, The progressive dairyman carefully tests-and- weighs the milk-from-—each cow, to find out what cows are the money, makers and which ones the “boarders.” Why not. apply the same principle to the home orchard? For in the home orchard, as well as in some of the commercial orchards, there there are many trees that must neces- sarily be. classed as “boarders.” A small home orchard, consisting only of trees necessary for the home fruit sup- ply, neatly planted, pruned, well-culti- vated, and carefully sprayed, ought to prove more satisfactory and econom- ical, WINTER SPRAYING IS IMPORTANT PRACTICE Neglect Means That Fruit Crdp* Will Be Greatly Injured— Diseases Are Checked. Winter spraying is‘a very important practice where certain diseases are common, and where scale insects have made a start.. To neglect winter spraying often means that the fruit crop will be greatly injured, for spring and summer spraying will not permit the use of sprays strong enough to hold disease germs and certain scale insects in control. For San Jose scale it requires a very strong solution to penetrate the scales on the trees and kill the insects by contact. These strong solutions cannot be used when the tree has foli- age, but must be used while the tree is dormant. The sprays used are lime- sulphur wash or self-boiled lime-sur- phur wash or self-boiled lime-sulphur usually, or very ‘strong solutions of kerosene emulsion, San Jose scale is much more com- PALALALAA mon than a few years ago. Where there is a considerable orchard it is not safe to neglect it these days. One tree might become badly infested with scale and enough be bred to infest the entire orchard. Spraying gives a cer- tain amount of insurance. The winter spray also helps hold in check such diseases as bitter rot of apple, brown rot of the peach, cherry and plum. Spores of some of these diseases are likely to be left over on mumified fruit or on the trees and spraying with a strong concentrated formula will destroy many of the spores and reduce the danger of the disease. Even where one has but a few trees. spraying is apt to be necessary as no one can tell what the season may bring as to insects and diseases. A small spraying outfit is sufficient for a few trees, but where one has a large orchard a power sprayer will be needed. CREAM HIGH IN TEST BRINGS BEST PRICE Of Benefit to Both Cream Pro- ducer and Butter Manufac- turer—Retains Flavor. High-testing cream {s of benefit to’ both the cream producer and the but- ter manufacturer. The creameries realize this and many of them are urging their patrons to deliver cream of high butterfat content. Cream test- ing about 35 per cent fat is desirable for butter making because it can be}. handled more cheaply and makes a bet- ter quality of butter than a thin cream, Because of these facts creameries are able to pay their patrons top prices for high-testing cream. L. G. Rinkie of the University of Missouri college of agriculture men- tions several reasons, from the farm- er’s point of view, why cream should be high in test. One of these is be- cause of the improvement in the qual ity of the cream as the test increases. A high-testing cream ill retain. its good flavor much longer than a thin o low-testing cream. The quality_of the .cream should“bé of the best, sihce i takes good cream to-make good butter, Good butter commands a-higher price than poor butter and thus produceg higher returns to both the creamery and the farmer. | By separating milk into high-testing cream a larger quantity of skim milk is obtained. The value of 100 pounds skim milk is sometimes considered equal to that of half a bushel of corn. With the high prices of feeds it is therefore desirable to feed all the skim . milk possible. High-testing cream makes possible more of this valuable food. The production of high-testing cream also saves money for the farmer who ships cream. When cream tests -20 per cent it will cést 2 cents a pound but- terfat to ship 50 pounds of it, if the express charges amount to 20 cents, When the cream tests 40 per cent it will cost but 1 cent a pound butterfat to ship 50 pounds, for the total charges will not be affected. s $4 1 ee eee
